Collapse of the centralised internet, network ontology, and convenience activism - death of the robust nodes

Green Grape Tim

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I think everyone and their mothers are now aware of the blackout on Plebbit going on as of the time of this post. Between this and the embarrassing decay of other services like Discord, Facebook (I refuse to call it "Meta") and Melon Husk's twitter, we are starting to see the decline of the first iteration of a centralised web, and it's for a much more interesting reason that one might think.

I'm currently working on a dissertation surrounding network ontology. I won't bore you with the specifics, but an interesting aspect of networks is the combination of their latent and emergent properties. An important property that characterises reliable networks such as the World Wide Web is that they are scale-free - this means that the network has a degree distribution that follows a power law. Put simply, the web is reliable despite attacks against it because most of what comprises the network are nodes with very weak connections. It is far easier to take down these nodes in a full-on attack, but we hardly see this happen because the chances of us encountering such nodes/sites are very slim.

Sites like Plebbit and Twitter, by virtue of their centralisation, act as hubs within this network. A lot more connects to these sites by virtue of their nodes being robust for a number of reasons (robustness is a requirement for an effective hub to even exist; think of it like an evolutionary adaptation - websites like twitter aren't perfect, but they succeed by virtue of being a "well sharpened tool" as far as sites on the web go). Because they are effective hubs, they have a hell of a lot more information flowing to and fro than 99% of other sites on the entire web. This is what these companies rely and capitalise on, but in order to improve their "robustness" they are forced to make decisions that make their userbase resentful, yet reliant. They understand that because of their established power, a user is not really able to get the same access to information, nor nearly as conveniently, if they abandon their site and go elsewhere. It may be more individual, but I'm sure the inconvenience of finding smaller, more independent spaces online is a struggle all of us share.

The fact that people are starting to refuse the bullshit these companies are feeding them means there is an ever-increasing awareness that independence and user freedom are fundamentally incompatible with both node robustness and profit motives. It will get worse before it gets better, but I predict that these nodes will struggle to maintain the same level of influence they had before, for reasons x or y or z, and we'll soon be entering a second phase of a decentralised form of internet. There is a broader discussion that can be had about the surge of protest against what I personally call "convenience activism" - the prevalent behaviour of people that will only advocate for something so long as it's convenient or requires very little change of lifestyle - but I contend that there is a physical explanation and a physical consequence of the hyperinflation of these web hubs that may radically alter the robustness and prevalence of smaller, less-connected nodes. This is good for smaller communities for obvious reasons, but will also bring the spirit of adventure back into the internet, as we will be less inclined to use these faceless hubs to obtain routes to other locations in cyberspace.

If anyone is interested in any particular point here I'd love to hear it or provide further recommendations (to the best of my ability!). This is my first long post on this site so I'm sorry in advance if I've broken any etiquette.
 

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Interesting ideas. I want to ask because I'm very interested in computer networks, do you think the internet will always be practically decentralized? I think we take for granted the fact that ICANN or governments don't limit domain name access to certain websites. I could certainly see a movement occurring after some sort of strawman white supremacy or incel website leads to a deadly shooting, causing the gov to crack down on certain IP's being accessible via DNS. I know browsers already censor that stuff so it wouldn't be too huge a leap imo, but again I don't even know that much about who is in charge of ICANN and if something like that is even in their control. I think it is in the governments and businesses interest to keep everyone using the same few sites for info gathering and propaganda, but I guess my question is do you think that's achievable or are the protocols we have already implemented so oriented at decentralization and scalability that we are safe for a while?

And to end my post on a lighter note, what's your favorite network protocol? Mine's TCP because making a secure transfer over an insecure network is cool, and I liked learning about how the checksums are processed :)
 
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ZinRicky

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An important property that characterises reliable networks such as the World Wide Web is that they are scale-free - this means that the network has a degree distribution that follows a power law.
I read that on Mark Buchanan's Nexus some years ago. Nice to see that it's still the case.
I predict that these nodes will struggle to maintain the same level of influence they had before, for reasons x or y or z, and we'll soon be entering a second phase of a decentralised form of internet.
Does this explain YouTube and TikTok having almost no challengers at the moment?
 
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Orlando Smooth

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Appreciate the post and hope to hear more on the matter. Hoping you expand on:
It will get worse before it gets better, but I predict that these nodes will struggle to maintain the same level of influence they had before, for reasons x or y or z, and we'll soon be entering a second phase of a decentralised form of internet.
I wouldn't argue with you, but it's not necessarily intuitive to me that this is the case and I'd love to know what your reasons are. For many (most?) people, "the internet" is already little more than the big socials + some mainstream news websites (I know they likely use other internet functionality like email and bank transfers, but the point is that if there was a crackdown on independent websites many people wouldn't notice or care). So with that in mind, why should we assume that the internet is destined to stay decentralized and what are the reasons to believe that the biggest nodes will lose influence?
 
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Sidewinder91

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This is good for smaller communities for obvious reasons, but will also bring the spirit of adventure back into the internet, as we will be less inclined to use these faceless hubs to obtain routes to other locations in cyberspace.
As much as I'd love for the internet to go back to what it was in 2007, I'd say the big problem is 'the algorithm.' That shit is probably here to stay.
 

Green Grape Tim

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Interesting ideas. I want to ask because I'm very interested in computer networks, do you think the internet will always be practically decentralized? I think we take for granted the fact that ICANN or governments don't limit domain name access to certain websites. I could certainly see a movement occurring after some sort of strawman white supremacy or incel website leads to a deadly shooting, causing the gov to crack down on certain IP's being accessible via DNS. I know browsers already censor that stuff so it wouldn't be too huge a leap imo, but again I don't even know that much about who is in charge of ICANN and if something like that is even in their control. I think it is in the governments and businesses interest to keep everyone using the same few sites for info gathering and propaganda, but I guess my question is do you think that's achievable or are the protocols we have already implemented so oriented at decentralization and scalability that we are safe for a while?

And to end my post on a lighter note, what's your favorite network protocol? Mine's TCP because making a secure transfer over an insecure network is cool, and I liked learning about how the checksums are processed :)
I think in order for the web to be as robust as it is, decentralisation is required. Having centralised "regions" of cyberspace make the likelihood of an incredibly damaging attack much higher. The repression of certain IPs (implying they're inaccessible by any means) is essentially narrowing the dispersion of nodes in the network - as far as I know at least, which isn't that much costanzayeahrightsmirk.

I'm not super versed in it, but HTTP is pretty foundational for what we have now and I'm grateful for that. When I did comp sci my niche was more computer architecture, lol.

Post the dissertation as article here on the forum once you are done :). "Hidden Internet" is for that. There are a lot of people here that love to read things like this.
Sounds exciting. My dissertation touches on more philosophical grounds than what I've been talking about here, but it may still be an enjoyable read, and I thrive under critique!

I wouldn't argue with you, but it's not necessarily intuitive to me that this is the case and I'd love to know what your reasons are. For many (most?) people, "the internet" is already little more than the big socials + some mainstream news websites (I know they likely use other internet functionality like email and bank transfers, but the point is that if there was a crackdown on independent websites many people wouldn't notice or care). So with that in mind, why should we assume that the internet is destined to stay decentralized and what are the reasons to believe that the biggest nodes will lose influence?
I think you're right to say it's not necessarily intuitive that this will happen, I think a lot of my judgement on that particular point is down to some kind of subjective hunch. That said, I am very willing to suggest that the internet, while in terms of functionality is basically an information repository, behaves like a communicative unity, or a hivemind, whatever you want to call it. I don't want to delve into any mystical or Jungian territory when I say it, but I think the demands of the internet as a network mirror the demands of the people, on a global level, that are responsible for its sustained nature (whether we are aware of it or not). That is to say that whatever we want and think, the internet will "want and think" in turn. The turbulent political landscape at the moment, along with the growing awareness of the behaviour of companies that act against our interest, means that the internet as a whole may demand to spread out to have more space to breathe, rather than having core parts of its body move in ways it doesn't want. I got a little speculative and metaphorical in this paragraph but hopefully it makes sense.

As much as I'd love for the internet to go back to what it was in 2007, I'd say the big problem is 'the algorithm.' That shit is probably here to stay.
It's the money-maker so it will be holding on for as long as it can, that's for sure. I think "the algorithm" currently serves a very similar purpose to what major companies want to use AI for, to use a recent example. We've seen a shift from the media being the product to people being the product, so whatever is created in order to make money isn't made for its own sake, but is optimised to be the most efficient way of squeezing attention or money out of us. That means that even if we change our behaviour en masse, it's going to simply adapt to that and continue to exist in this new environment. Our use of the internet is now unfortunately symbiotic with the capacity to monetise our attention spans, so whichever shape one of them takes, the topology of the other will follow suit.
 

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This is what these companies rely and capitalise on, but in order to improve their "robustness" they are forced to make decisions that make their userbase resentful, yet reliant.
How does user resentment (presumably towards the management) make a website a more robust network node?
Is "robustness" just a measure of how many connections a network node has?
 
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Green Grape Tim

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Very grateful for this, I feel my knowledge around this area thinning as you guys ask more questions (keep them coming!)

How does user resentment (presumably towards the management) make a website a more robust network node?
Is "robustness" just a measure of how many connections a network node has?
I think robustness just means the ability to sustain itself under attack which can include its number of connections, but I don't mean to say resentment makes a node more robust. It's more that the decisions companies make in the pursuit of a robust node often run contrary to user interest, and that breeds resentment.
 

PraxHeadroom

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How does user resentment (presumably towards the management) make a website a more robust network node?
It seems like that's more of a measurement of how robust the network node is.
People have been complaining about every layout change and scummy management decision Youtube has made for the last 10 years, but that didn't affect Youtube at all.
Compare that to Tumblr and you'll see a very different story.
we are starting to see the decline of the first iteration of a centralised web
Do you think this will affect the internet in a bigger way than just a decline in popularity of the major websites? I'd love to see P2P really take off but I won't hold my breath.
 
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Green Grape Tim

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Do you think this will affect the internet in a bigger way than just a decline in popularity of the major websites? I'd love to see P2P really take off but I won't hold my breath.
I think there might be some level of revisionism of perceptions of physical and digital media. It would be farcical to suggest there won't be heavy losses from the deterioration of information mega-sites. We're starting to see a lot of that already from - for example - the poor decisions streaming services are making, and the understanding that digital media is not necessarily owned - it can easily be removed on the whim of whatever platform you have that digital media on. With these big sites declining for numerous reasons, our perception of information as a valuable thing to own in itself and not merely something to transfer will be a lot more prevalent.

This is all speculation of course but I do think there'll be a level of sacrifice in order to build a better system of information ownership - one that isn't dictated by sites moulded by profit motives.
 

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I think it is in the governments and businesses interest to keep everyone using the same few sites for info gathering and propaganda, but I guess my question is do you think that's achievable or are the protocols we have already implemented so oriented at decentralization and scalability that we are safe for a while?
Well it is in their best interest to do that and it's already accomplished. I doubt the government will ever intervene that much more unless a site is directly a threat to them (like Wikileaks) because they 1. don't need to if everyone is filtering into the same sites anyway and 2. you can just get companies like Cloudflare to take them offline anyway.
Doing something like denying domain names themselves is way too much work when they can accomplish the same in easier ways.
 
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Very grateful for this, I feel my knowledge around this area thinning as you guys ask more questions (keep them coming!)


I think robustness just means the ability to sustain itself under attack which can include its number of connections, but I don't mean to say resentment makes a node more robust. It's more that the decisions companies make in the pursuit of a robust node often run contrary to user interest, and that breeds resentment.
added to this, look at the comment above ^
 
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